This pattern can be used with almost any yarn because it is knit multi-strand. What is important is meeting the gauge so almost any size yarn will work. I have used 6 strands of sock yarn, 3 strands of DK and various combinations of different weight yarns. These socks are thick and durable, suitable for outdoor work or hiking.
These socks are knit toe up and you can use whatever heel you like. I use a turned heel I learned from Queen Kahuna but even a flap-style heel can be inserted.